Festivals in Quan Lạn

The Festivals in Quan Lạn are significant traditional cultural events held annually on Quan Lạn Island, located in Van Don District, Quang Ninh Province. Also known as the Quan Lạn Communal House Festival, Quan Lạn Boat Racing Festival, or Van Don Traditional Festival, these various names reflect the festival's multifaceted nature: its connection to the specific locale (Quan Lạn), the central role of the ancient communal house (Đình Quan Lạn), the highlight activity of boat racing, and its importance within the historical and cultural tapestry of the Van Don region. 

Primarily, the festival commemorates the historical victories of ancestors against foreign invaders and honors the unique cultural values of the coastal community. Recognizing its profound historical and cultural significance, the Festivals in Quan Lạn were officially designated as a National Intangible Cultural Heritage under Decision No. 4587/QĐ-BVHTT&DL, issued on December 20, 2019. 

Historical Origins and Deep Cultural Significance 

The origins of the Festivals in Quan Lạn are closely tied to the resounding victory of the Tran Dynasty's army and people on the Mang River in 1288. Under the brilliant command of General Tran Khanh Du, the forces of Van Don valiantly destroyed the Mongol invaders' supply fleet. This pivotal victory significantly contributed to the overall triumph at the legendary Battle of Bach Dang, securing the nation’s independence. 

The festival offers an opportunity for younger generations to express reverence and deep gratitude towards General Tran Khanh Du, as well as the local soldiers and villagers who sacrificed their lives in defense of the homeland. Furthermore, it serves as a moment to pay homage to spiritual deities and historical figures who pioneered and shaped this land. 

Historically, Quan Lạn was a vital component of the once-bustling Van Don trading port—a major maritime economic and commercial hub of Đại Việt (ancient Vietnam). Holding the festival at the very site of a historic naval battle and within a landscape rich in cultural sediment makes the event all the more meaningful. Archaeological remains found on the island serve as further testament to Quan Lạn’s long-standing existence and its pivotal role in history. 

Timing and Venue 

The Festivals in Quan Lạn take place over a span of ten days, from the 10th to the 20th day of the 6th lunar month each year. The main festival day, falling on the 18th of the 6th lunar month, marks the peak of the festivities with the most vibrant and significant events. 

The heart of the festival is the Quan Lạn Communal House, a timeworn yet revered spiritual center for the local people.Ceremonial activities are also held at other historical sites, including the shrine of General Tran Khanh Du and Lang Gieng Pagoda. 

Key Rituals and Activities 

The Festivals in Quan Lạn are meticulously organized over several days, demonstrating both thorough preparation and a strong sense of community unity. 

10th Day of the 6th Lunar Month: Village Lockdown Ceremony (Lễ Khóa Làng) 

On this day, residents are expected to stay on the island to participate in the festival. Locals who work afar return home, while visitors from other regions are welcomed. 

12th–15th Days: Preparations and Ceremonial Offerings 

Symbolic military training activities are held, along with spiritual offerings at Lang Gieng Pagoda. Two traditional boat-racing teams—Dong Nam Văn and Doai Bac Võ—set up their respective camps and begin training, building excitement for the main festival day. 

16th Day: Procession to Welcome the Deity (Lễ Nghinh Thần) 

A ritual procession carries the tablet of General Tran Khanh Du from the shrine (about 1.5 km from the communal house) back to the main temple area to prepare for the central celebration. 

18th Day (3:00 PM): Main Festival Day (Chính Hội)

 At 3 PM, when the tide rises to meet the temple’s edge, the festival atmosphere reaches its peak. Two ceremonial “armies” begin their grand procession: 

• The civilian team wears white tops with blue trousers and matching leg wraps. 

• The military team dons bold grey or black uniforms symbolizing strength and bravery. 

The thunderous sound of drums and gongs, the roaring chants, and fluttering flags create a majestic scene. When both teams converge at the communal house yard, the cheers of the crowd echo across the sky. 

The performance features two generals demonstrating dazzling sword techniques, recreating three historic battles where the Tran Dynasty defeated the Mongol invaders. After three dramatic mock battles, both teams proceed to the shrine for solemn rituals. Upon their return, the most exhilarating part of the festival begins—the official boat race. 

19th Day: Procession of Returning the Deity (Lễ Xe Giá Hoàn Cung) 

Across various heritage sites in Van Don, villagers hold ceremonies to pray for peace, prosperity, and national harmony. A notable highlight is the return procession of the imperial edict from the communal house to the shrine of General Tran Khanh Du, marking the conclusion of the 10-day festival.  

The Festivals in Quan Lạn draws many locals and visitors from far and wide. 

 

Cultural and Spiritual Values of the Festivals in Quan Lạn 

The Festivals in Quan Lạn are deeply imbued with cultural and spiritual meaning—a rich blend of history, patriotism, and the seafaring community’s spiritual life. 

Martial Spirit and Patriotism 

More than just a cultural event, the Festivals in Quan Lan is a symbol of patriotism and martial valor. Activities like processions and boat racing are both solemn and thrilling, reenacting the resilient spirit of the people who defended their homeland. Every step, every paddle stroke reflects national pride and the will to safeguard Vietnam’s maritime sovereignty. 

Gratitude to Ancestors 

The festival serves as an act of remembrance for the heroic figures of the past, particularly General Tran Khanh Du, whose military brilliance protected the Van Don region. Its sustained observance over centuries is a clear expression of the Vietnamese moral principle: “When drinking water, remember the source.” 

Fostering Community Unity 

Collective efforts in preparing rituals, dividing into teams for boat races, or participating in the village lockdown ceremony help reinforce communal bonds. This reflects the enduring beauty of traditional village solidarity passed down through generations. 

Folk Beliefs and Prayers for Blessings  \n Beyond its historical resonance, the Festivals in Quan Lan also embodies the deep-seated spiritual beliefs of the islanders. Ceremonies for peace and offerings to deities' express wishes for calm seas, abundant harvests, and prosperous lives. Thus, the festival not only looks to the past but also channels present-day hopes and aspirations for a better future. 

 

The Festivals in Quan Lạn are among the most remarkable cultural events of Van Don, Quang Ninh. They commemorate heroic resistance against foreign invaders while showcasing the rich cultural identity and communal spirit of the local people. Blending solemn rituals with vibrant folk activities, the festival offers a compelling destination for those eager to explore the historical and cultural depths of Vietnam.